Determination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from horses with respiratory manifestation

Background and Aim: The World Health Organization considers multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae a major global threat. Horses harbor commensal isolates of this bacterial species and potentially serve as reservoirs for human MDR bacteria. This study investigated antimicrobial resistance in horses caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty-nine nasal swab samples were collected from horses with respiratory distress not treated with cefotaxime and erythromycin. Biochemical and serological identification was performed on all samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect 16S-23S ITS, mucoviscosity-associated gene (magA), uridine diphosphate galacturonate 4-epimerase gene (uge), and iron uptake system gene (kfu), bla(TEM), bla(SHV), and bla(CTX) genes. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic relatedness of randomly selected K. pneumoniae isolates carrying the bla(TEM) gene were performed. Results: Ten isolates of Klebsiella spp. were obtained from 159 samples, with an incidence of 6.28% (10 of 159). Based on biochemical and serological identification, K. pneumoniae was detected in 4.4% (7 of 159) of the samples. Using PCR, all tested K. pneumoniae isolates (n=7) carried the 16S-23S ITS gene. By contrast, no isolates carried magA, uge, and kfu genes. The bla(TEM) gene was detected in all test isolates. Moreover, all isolates did not harbor the bla(SHV) or bla(CTX) gene. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic relatedness reported that the maximum likelihood unrooted tree generated indicated the clustering of the test isolate with the other Gram-negative isolate bla(TEM). Finally, the sequence distance of the bla(TEM) gene of the test isolate (generated by Lasergene) showed an identity range of 98.4-100% with the bla(TEM) gene of the different test isolates. Conclusion: The misuse of antimicrobials and insufficient veterinary services might help generate a population of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in equines and humans, representing a public health risk.