Statistical optimization of nanostructured gels for enhancement of vinpocetine transnasal and transdermal permeation

Pluronic-based nanostructured gels were developed and optimized to increase the permeability of vinpocetine through the skin and the mucous layer of the nasal cavity. A modified thin-film hydration technique was utilized to prepare the nanostructured gel formulae containing different concentrations of Pluronic F127, Pluronic F68 and oleic acid. The formed nanodispersions were tested for their pH, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency and gelation temperature. Box-Behnken statistical design was used to choose the optimized nasal and transdermal nanostructured gel formulae utilizing Design-Expert (R) software. The nasal optimized formula consisted of 2.4% oleic acid, 23.46% total surfactants and 27.13% Pluronic F68, had a gelation temperature of 35 degrees C which could be suitable to form in situ gel upon application into the nasal cavity. On the other hand, the transdermal optimized formula, composed of 1.77% oleic acid, 22.46% total surfactants and 11.54% Pluronic F68, formed gel at room temperature that could be suitable to be applied onto the skin. The optimized gel formulae were investigated for their in vitro drug release, rheology, morphology, histopathology and ex vivo permeation. The extent of drug permeated from the optimized formula through both nasal and skin membranes was significantly increased by 3.39 and 4.7 folds when compared to the drug suspension. Finally, the obtained findings ensured the creditable impact of the nanostructured gels as promising nanocarriers for enhancing transmucosal and transdermal vinpocetine permeation.