A comprehensive study of indole catalytic hydrodenitrogenation under hydrothermal conditions
AICHE JOURNAL(2022)
摘要
This article focuses on the catalytic hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) mechanism of indole under hydrothermal conditions. Formic acid (FA), which is a donor of both gaseous hydrogen and liquid hydrogen, can improve indole conversion and total yield of denitrogenated products. Ru/C showed the highest activity among the catalysts in this study for indole conversion at all temperature conditions with the existence of H-2, and 91.17% indole was converted at 400 degrees C and 60 min. Based on reaction kinetic experiments, a kinetic model was developed mathematically to describe the hydrothermal HDN reaction of indole over the home-made Ni80Ru20/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst, which clearly captured all data trends and fitted the temporal variation of all major liquid products. High activation energy for the formation of the O-containing substance o-cresol from both mathematical fitting and density functional theory (DFT) calculation indicated the rare occurrence of a reaction between the pyrrole ring-opening product methyl aniline and H2O, consistent with the experimental observation that only a trace of o-cresol was detected.
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关键词
density functional theory, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrothermal, indole, reaction kinetics
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