The management of trigeminal neuralgia with triptans, a narrative review of the literature

Objective The objective of this paper is to present a narrative review of the use of triptans in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), as well as to outline possible therapeutic mechanisms of action. Background TN is a debilitating neuropathic disorder with a variety of surgical and pharmacological treatments currently available. Despite treatment being heavily individually tailored, some patients remain refractory to management. The use of triptans for the treatment of TN has been commented on in the literature, yet major trials showing their effectiveness are lacking. Methods A narrative review of current literature was conducted to identify published original research analyzing the usage of triptans in TN via PubMed and Google Scholar. Results Limited case reports and studies have been done to analyze the use of triptans for the treatment of TN. Despite the limited results, the studies that have been done show some promise for triptans as an alternative treatment, in particular to those with refractory TN. Given the incapacitating nature of TN, another alternative treatment may be of benefit to those patients and can help reduce its associated morbidity. Conclusion Patients with refractory TN may find relief of symptoms from the use of triptans. Larger clinical trials are needed to help determine which patients would benefit from their use as well as specific dosing. Caution should be given regarding the long-term use of triptans, in particular for the typical patient population with TN.