The influence of congenital and developmental cataract surgery on the ocular surface in a six-month follow-up prospective clinical study

Background The purpose of this study was to identify changes in tear film function and meibomian gland function in children after congenital/developmental cataract surgery. Methods This study enrolled 16 eyes of 16 congenital/developmental cataract patients (mean age: 8.05 ± 1.43 years) who underwent cataract surgery and 16 eyes of 16 normal volunteers (mean age: 8.31 ± 2.18 years). Clinical assessments were conducted preoperatively and at 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Symptom questionnaires, non-invasive tear film break-up time, tear meniscus height, corneal fluorescein staining, lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland expressibility, and meibography were assessed. Results The ocular symptom score was significantly higher in congenital/developmental cataract patients compared to normal controls during the 5 visits ( P = 0.009). And the average non-invasive tear film break-up time was significantly lower in congenital/developmental cataract patients compared to normal controls ( P = 0.017). The first non-invasive tear film break-up time and average non-invasive tear film break-up time were lowest at 1 month postoperatively compared to baseline levels ( P = 0.008 and P = 0.012, respectively). The lid margin score of the upper eyelid was significantly higher in congenital/developmental cataract patients compared to normal controls at 1 week postoperatively ( P = 0.027). The meibum expressibility score decreased significantly during the 5 visits ( P = 0.024). No significant difference was observed in meibomian gland tortuosity, meibomian gland width, meibomian gland area and meibomian gland length between the congenital/developmental group and normal controls preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Tear film stability and meibomian gland function are worsened transiently after congenital/developmental cataract surgery without accompanying meibomian gland morphological changes.