Community perceptions of coral reef conservation in a rural fishing village in North Bali, Indonesia.

Aside from their associated direct ecological advantages, coral reef conservation programs may also generate benefits to local communities. These communities may choose to support marine conservation programs based on multiple factors, and an increased involvement of local people often leads to positive changes in environmental behaviours. This study collected qualitative data using semi-structured interviews and multi-stakeholder focus groups on a rural fisher community in Tianyar Village, North Bali, Indonesia, where the ‘North Bali Reef Conservation’ (locally known as ‘Yowana Bhakti Segara’) coral reef conservation program was based. Results showed that generally, the community of Tianyar village was in support of the existing coral reef conservation programs, mostly due to the perceived economic prospects associated with being involved in the conservation work. Overall, the community agreed that the coral reef conservation program has led to societal and environmental benefits, which has generated positive environmental behaviours and a change in mindsets since it was established in 2017 (4 years before this study was undertaken). Based on the answers of interviewees, this study makes recommendations on how coral reef conservation in Bali (and other similar less developed nations) can increase community support, socio-economic benefits and positive environmental behaviours. These include (1) continuing environmental education for within the community, (2) strengthening regulations and improving enforcement, (3) increasing financial and logistical support for waste management and ecotourism, (4) continuing building and deploying artificial reefs, ensuring that ‘best practice’ recommendations are followed, and (5) utilising the influence of local leaders to create positive environmental behaviours.