Association between Maternal Birth Weight and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and Aims Gestational diabetes mellitus is one of the most important issue related to health status of mothers and their children throughout life. This meta-analysis has been conducted to assess relationship between maternal birth weight and gestational diabetes. Methods and Results This article is written using PRISMA guideline for systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched epidemiological studies without a time limit from following databases—Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCO, and Google Scholar search engine using MESH keywords. Heterogeneity was determined using the Cochran Q test and I 2 index. Data were analyzed using comprehensive meta-analysis, version 2. The significance level of the tests was considered as P < 0.05. Results The result of combining ten studies with a sample size of 228,409 cases using a fixed-effect model showed that low maternal birth weight increased the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (1.71 [95% CI 1.43–2.06, P < 0.001]). In addition, the result of combining nine studies with a sample size of 227,805 cases using a random-effects model showed that macrosomia did not increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, and there was no significant relationship between them (1.04 [95% CI 0.79–1.38; p value: 0.730]). Conclusion The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis showed that low maternal birth weight could be a risk factor for gestational diabetes in adulthood.