Prevalence of dry eye disease among Chinese high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak

Purpose The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and relevant risk factors among Chinese high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020, and 4825 high school students from nine high schools in Shanghai were recruited. All students completed ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and perceived stress scale (PSS) questionnaires and answered other questions designed to ascertain information on the risk factors related to DED. DED was diagnosed when OSDI scores were greater than or equal to 13. The prevalence of symptomatic DED was determined. A T-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the possible risk factors. Results The prevalence of symptomatic DED among Chinese high school students was 70.5%. In univariate analysis, higher PSS scores ( P <0.001), prolonged video display terminal (VDT) use ( P <0.001), wearing contact lenses ( P =0.001), poor sleep quality ( P <0.001), and being female ( P <0.001) were significantly correlated with dry eyes. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher PSS scores ( P <0.001, OR=1.20), prolonged VDT use ( P <0.001, OR=1.07), poor sleep quality ( P <0.001, OR=1.84), and being female ( P =0.001, OR=1.25) were significant risk factors associated with DED. Conclusions Due to the epidemic, most Chinese high school students are in a high-risk environment in which they are more likely to suffer from DED, such as long online courses and heavy stress from school. Relevant preventive measures that may have a positive impact on public health and quality of life for high school students should be brought to the forefront.