SHP2/SPI1axis promotes glycolysis and the inflammatory response of macrophages in Helicobacter pylori-induced pediatric gastritis

Background Macrophages, as innate immune cells, were reported to participate in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastritis. However, the role and mechanism of macrophage dysfunction in H. pylori-associated pediatric gastritis remain unclear. Materials and Methods An RNA-sequencing assay was used to examine the differential gene expression in normal gastric antrum, non-H. pylori-infected tissue, and H. pylori-infected pediatric gastritis tissue. qPCR assays were applied to verify the expression of target genes. HE staining was performed to identify the occurrence of inflammation in the normal gastric antrum, non-H. pylori-infected tissue, and H. pylori-infected pediatric gastritis tissue. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of SHP2 in pediatric gastritis tissue. The metabolic profile of macrophages was determined via Seahorse metabolic analysis. Flow cytometry analysis was used to examine the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results We found that H. pylori -infected gastritis tissue exhibited many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared to gastritis tissue without H. pylori infection. Moreover, H. pylori -infected gastritis tissue showed many DEGs annotated with an overactive immune response. We identified that tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 11 (PTPN11), which encodes SHP2, was significantly increased in macrophages of H. pylori -infected gastritis tissue. Furthermore, we revealed that SHP2 could activate the glycolytic function of macrophages to promote H. pylori -induced inflammation. The transcription factor SPI1 , as the downstream molecule of SHP2, could be responsible for the regulation of metabolism-associated gene expression and inflammation. Conclusion Our study illustrated the molecular landscape of H. pylori-infected gastritis tissue in children and suggested that the SHP2/SPI1axis could be a novel therapeutic target in H. pylori-induced pediatric gastritis.