Two new species of Peromyscus (Cricetidae: Neotominae) from the Transverse Volcanic Belt of Mexico

Specimens of the Peromyscus boylii species group distributed in the western and northeastern montane regions of Michoacan, Mexico, historically have been assigned to P. levipes. Previous studies indicated that these specimens possessed mitochondrial DNA haplotypes that were distinct from both P. levipes and P. kilpatricki, a recently named species in the P. boylii species group from northeastern Michoacan and western Morelos. Herein karyotypic, DNA sequence, and morphological data were analyzed from those populations to evaluate their taxonomic affinity. Karyotypic data indicated that individuals from western Michoacan (Dos Aguas and Aguililla) and from a newly discovered population in northeastern Michoacan (Zinapecuaro) were chromosomally similar to P. carletoni (FN = 68) but distinct from other taxa assigned to the P. boylii species group. Analyses of cranial characteristics indicated that, relative to other species in the P. boylii species group, two morphologically distinct groups were present that corresponded to the Dos Aguas/Aguililla and Zinapecuaro populations, respectively. The latter population, although represented by a small sample size (n = 5 specimens), appeared to exhibit some trenchant morphological distinctions compared with other cryptic species in the P. boylii group. Phylogenetic analyses (parsimony, Bayesian, and likelihood) of DNA sequences obtained from the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene indicated that although the individuals from Dos Aguas/Aguililla and Zinapecuaro formed a sister group relationship, they formed monophyletic clades that differed genetically (2.54%)-a level approaching that seen between other sister species of Peromyscus. Further, the Dos Aguas/Aguililla and Zinapecuaro clade was more closely aligned with a clade containing representatives of P. carletoni and P. levipes instead of with those from closer geographic proximities (P. kilpatricki) located in eastern Michoacan. Together, these results indicated that these two populations seemingly represent two undescribed species in the P. boylii species group for which we propose the names Peromyscus greenbaumi for populations in western Michoacan (circa Dos Aguas and Aguililla) and Peromyscus ensinki for populations in northeastern Michoacan (circa Zinapecuaro).