Parametric whirl flutter study using different modelling approaches

This paper demonstrates the importance of assessing the whirl flutter stability of propeller configurations with a detailed aeroelastic model instead of local pylon models. Especially with the growing use of electric motors for propulsion in air taxis and commuter aircraft whirl flutter becomes an important mode of instability. These configurations often include propeller which are powered by lightweight electric motors and located at remote locations, e.g. the wing tip. This gives rise to an aeroelastic instability called whirl flutter, involving the gyroscopic whirl modes of the engine. The driving parameters for this instability are the dynamics of the mounting structure. Using a generic whirl flutter model of a propeller at the tip of a lifting surface, parameter studies on the flutter stability are carried out. The aeroelastic model consists of a dynamic MSC.Nastran beam model coupled with the unsteady ZAERO ZONA6 aerodynamic model and strip theory for the propeller aerodynamics. The parameter studies focus on the influence of different substructures (ranging from local engine mount stiffness to global aircraft dynamics) on the aeroelastic stability of the propeller. The results show a strong influence of the level of detail of the aeroelastic model on the flutter behaviour. The coupling with the lifting surface is of major importance, as it can stabilise the whirl flutter mode. Including wing unsteady aerodynamics into the analysis can also change the whirl flutter behaviour. This stresses the importance of including whirl flutter in the aeroelastic stability analysis on aircraft level.