Assistive Technology for Cognition to Support Executive Functions in Autism: a Scoping Review

Objectives Atypical executive functions (EF) have long been observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) of any age. To compensate for EF-related difficulties and to cope with the demands of daily life, assistive technology for cognition may represent a valid solution, but at present, no information is available on the range of accessible solutions nor on their effectiveness in ASD. This paper reports on a review conducted to identify assistive technologies that may compensate for EF-related difficulties in ASD. Methods A systematic search was conducted following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) reporting guideline recommendations. Results Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria, with most studies following a single-subject research design ( n = 11). The assistive technologies identified were grouped into two categories (context-aware, mobile) addressing four EF-related cognitive processes classified according to the taxonomy proposed by the International Classification of Functioning (i.e., organization and planning, time management, cognitive flexibility, and insight). Insight (e.g., self-monitoring) resulted as the only intervention that may be considered evidence-based. Conclusions This review highlights that assistive technology may be effective in compensating for specific EF-related difficulties in ASD, but more rigorous research involving (a) a wider range of EF-related skills, (b) older participants, and (c) diverse settings (e.g., workplaces) is necessary.