Narrow Band Numerical Path Loss Models for Wireless Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker Application

In this paper, we investigate the intra-cardiac to subcutaneous and intra-cardiac to off-body path loss models in three potential sub-GHz narrow bands, i.e., MICS Band (402 – 405 MHz), WMTS Band (608 – 614 MHz) and ISM Band (867 – 869 MHz), for the wireless leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) applications. In view of computational efficiency and accuracy, a simplified 4-Cole-Cole model is studied and utilized for the tissues in and surrounding the cardiac region. Then, based on the anatomical human numerical model, the path loss values of intra-cardiac to subcutaneous and intra-cardiac to off-body are calculated, and the corresponding path loss models are fitted with log-distance model. The derived path loss models are useful factors in the analysis and design of the wireless LCP communication system and medical Internet of Thing networking.