Optimal operation of renewable energy microgrids considering lifetime characteristics of battery energy storage system.

The battery energy storage system's integration with renewable energy (RE) micro-grids play an important role in solving power supply problems. To achieve reliable and economic operations of a RE micro-grid, in addition to maximize the integration of of renewable resources, the lifetime characteristics of a battery energy storage system also need to be fully investigated. This research study develops an optimization model that includes battery life loss cost, states switching costs, and operation and maintenance cost to obtain a set of optimal parameters of operation strategy. Considering the lifetime characteristics of battery storage system, a multi-objective optimization to maximize the power sold values, and to minimize the degradations concerning battery life cycles has been achieved being main control objectives of the research under study. Based on a model adopting mixed-integer constraints and dynamics, the problem of optimal load demand tracking, and electricity market participation is solved through the implementation of an model based predictive control (MPC) scheme. The efficacy of the proposed controller is proved through extensive simulations where the RE-based micro-grid running costs are minimized.