Drug shortages in community pharmacies: Impact on patients and on the health system

Background: Worldwide, drug shortages are a critical public health concern. Consequences range from inconvenience and distress to more serious concerns related to negative clinical, humanistic and economic outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of drug shortages at the community pharmacies on patients and on the health system in Portugal. Methods: A national, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted in Portuguese community pharmacies during April 2019. The proportion of patients reporting drug shortages, types of drugs affected and consequent economic burden to patients and the health system were estimated. Regional and urban setting stratification was performed. Results: A total of 71.1% of pharmacies participated in the study and 22,830 patient surveys were retrieved. About 52.2% of patients experienced a drug shortage in the past 12 months; 21.5% had to see a physician to change the prescription and 5.7% declared treatment discontinuation because of this shortage. The estimated economic impact of shortages related to additional physician appointments varied between euro 2.1- euro 4.4 million for patients and euro 35.3- euro 43.8 million for the National Health Service. Drug shortages were mostly felt in rural and inner regions and least felt in the islands. Conclusion: This national study showed that community pharmacy drug shortages are a national problem with negative consequences on patients and the health system, which need to be tackled and mitigated. (C) 2022 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.