Microchannel cooling for the LHCb VELO Upgrade I
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment(2022)
摘要
The LHCb VELO Upgrade I, currently being installed for the 2022 start of LHC Run 3, uses silicon microchannel coolers with internally circulating bi-phase CO2 for thermal control of hybrid pixel modules operating in vacuum. This is the largest scale application of this technology to date. Production of the microchannel coolers was completed in July 2019 and the assembly into cooling structures was completed in September 2021. This article describes the R&D path supporting the microchannel production and assembly and the motivation for the design choices, together with the achieved fluidic and thermal performance. The Thermal Figure of Merit of the microchannel coolers is measured on the final modules to be between 1.5 and 3.5 K cm2 W−1, depending on glue thickness. The microchannel coolers constitute 18% of the total radiation length of the VELO and less than 2% of the material seen before the second measured point on the tracks. Microchannel cooling is well suited to the VELO implementation due to the uniform mass distribution, close thermal expansion match with the module components and resistance to radiation.
更多查看译文
关键词
Microchannel cooling,Bi-phase CO2,Silicon wafer bonding,Thermal figure of merit,VELO upgrade
AI 理解论文
溯源树
样例
生成溯源树,研究论文发展脉络
Chat Paper
正在生成论文摘要