Accuracy of Temporo-Spatial and Lower Limb Joint Kinematics Parameters Using OpenPose for Various Gait Patterns With Orthosis

A cost-effective gait analysis system without attachments and specialized large environments can provide useful information to determine effective treatment in clinical sites. This study investigates the capability of a single camera-based pose estimation system using OpenPose (OP) to measure the temporo-spatial and joint kinematics parameters during gait with orthosis. Eleven healthy adult males walked under different conditions of speed and foot progression angle (FPA). Temporo-spatial and joint kinematics parameters were measured using a single camera-based system with OP and a three-dimensional motion capture system. The limit of agreement, mean absolute error, absolute agreement (ICC2, 1), and relative consistency (ICC3, 1) between the systems under each condition were assessed for reliability and validity. The results demonstrated that most of the ICC for temporo-spatial parameters and hip and knee kinematics parameters were good to excellent (0.60 - 0.98). Conversely, most of the ICC for ankle kinematics in all conditions were poor to fair (< 0.60). Thus, the gait analysis using OP can be used as a clinical assessment tool for determining the temporo-spatial, hip, and knee sagittal plane angles during gait.