Adverse Drug Reactions in the Pediatric Population: Findings From the Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center of a Teaching Hospital in Odisha (2015-2020)

Background and objective The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in hospitalized children varies from 0.6-16.8%. There is a lack of uniformity and an absence of quality reporting with respect to the collection of data on ADRs worldwide, resulting in a scarcity of data regarding ADRs in children. In light of this, we aimed to analyze various factors related to ADRs in the pediatric population in the ADR Monitoring Center (AMC) of a teaching hospital in Odisha, India. Methods This was a record-based study conducted by the department of pharmacology in collaboration with the department of pediatrics. Detailed information regarding all ADR cases in children (<14 years of age) was collected in a format designed by the Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC). A total of 105 ADRs reported during a five- year period (2015-20) were subjected to analysis. Results The largest number of ADRs were reported in the age group zero to five years (41%). Males were affected more compared to females (1.7:1). Cutaneous ADRs were the most common type (86.5%) followed by the involvement of the gastrointestinal system (10%); 21% of cases were serious in nature, i.e., they required either hospitalization or led to a prolonged hospital stay. Antibiotics were the major drug category involved in causing drug reactions (66%) and among them, ceftriaxone (24.6%) was the most common causative agent. Conclusions One-fifth of the pediatric cases of ADRs were serious in nature. The most common causative agent was antibiotics, especially beta-lactams. There is an urgent need to raise awareness among healthcare professionals by conducting training programs to encourage the spontaneous reporting of ADRs, which will help to ensure drug safety in the pediatric population.