A high-performance lithiated silicon-sulfur battery enabled by fluorinated ether electrolytes

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A(2021)

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摘要
Lithiated silicon-sulfur (Si-S) batteries are an attractive energy storage system that can offer higher theoretical energy density and lower cost than current lithium-ion batteries. However, this type of battery using conventional ether electrolytes suffers from a short lifespan, resulting from poor anode stability and severe polysulfide shuttle effects. To tackle these challenges, here we report a fluorinated ether electrolyte to boost the performance of lithiated Si-S batteries. The newly developed electrolyte not only enables the formation of a robust solid-electrolyte interphase on the Si surface, which effectively accommodates volume variation, thus stabilizing the Si anode, but also leads to quasi-solid-state conversion of S species, thereby considerably mitigating the polysulfide shuttle effect. As a result, a Si-S full battery using the fluorinated electrolyte is able to deliver a high initial capacity of 902 mA h g(-1) and maintain capacity retention of 64.0% after 100 cycles. By contrast, the capacity of a cell using conventional ether electrolyte rapidly decays to 162 mA h g(-1), which is only 17.5% of its original value. More impressively, for the first time, we demonstrate that a full cell can operate stably with a high cathode loading (6.2 mg cm(-2)) and lean electrolyte (<10 mu L mg(-1)), showing great potential for achieving high-performance and high-energy batteries.
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关键词
Battery (electricity),Electrolyte,Anode,Cathode,Energy storage,Polysulfide,Ether,Silicon,Chemical engineering,Materials science
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