Survival analysis by inflammatory biomarkers in severely injured patients undergoing damage control resuscitation

Background: Although early balanced blood product resuscitation has improved mortality after trau-matic injury, many patients still suffer from inflammatory complications. The goal of this study was to identify inflammatory mediators associated with death and multiorgan system failure following severe injury after patients undergo blood product resuscitation. Methods: A retrospective secondary analysis of inflammatory markers from the Pragmatic Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios study was performed. Twenty-seven serum biomarkers were measured at 8 time points in the first 72 hours of care and were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. Biomarkers with significant differences were further analyzed by adjudicated cause of 30-day mortality. Results: Biomarkers from 680 patients were analyzed. Seven key inflammatory markers (IL-1ra, IL-6, IL -8, IL-10, eotaxin, IP-10, and MCP-1) were further analyzed. These cytokines were also noted to have the highest hazard ratios of death. Stepwise selection was used for multivariate analysis of survival by time point. MCP-1 at 2 hours, eotaxin and IP-10 at 12 hours, eotaxin at 24 hours, and IP-10 at 72 hours were associated with all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Early systemic inflammatory markers are associated with increased risk of mortality after traumatic injury. Future studies should use these biomarkers to prospectively calculate risks of morbidity and causes of mortality for all trauma patients. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.