Dynamic Modeling And Simulation Of The Human Cardiovascular System With Pda

In this paper, an alternative model of the systemic and pulmonary circulation systems using Windkessel-type elements to simulate structural heart defects is proposed. A lumped nonlinear model of ten states was obtained and was simulated using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The model was first validated by comparing the normal dynamic behavior of the cardiovascular system which was parameterized with data corresponding to a healthy person. The ventricular volume, systemic and pulmonary blood flow, and blood pressure signals were obtained using the model to validate it. The presence of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) congenital disease in patients with different degrees of severity was simulated to observe the consequent changes in hemodynamic variables. The stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) were calculated to quantify the impact of short-circuit heart defects. For a healthy person the SV was 58.6 ml/beat; there was an increase in the pulmonary CO of 63.26% for a short defect, and 86.31% for a larger defect. The model response was verified against the actual physiological effects for accuracy and the results can be useful in the design of diagnostic strategies for congenital heart diseases.