Controls For University Fabrication Laboratories-Best Practices For Health And Safety

3D printing or more specifically fused deposition modeling is the process of using a computer-aided design to extrude filament through a heated nozzle into an object, in which particulates and chemicals are released. Many universities are constructing fabrication laboratories to provide students access to 3D printers, laser cutters, and other tools. In university fabrication processes (3D printing and laser cutting), particulates and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were evaluated. The use of NIOSH's hierarchy of controls and traditional industrial hygiene air monitoring was employed to determine if particulate and chemical exposure was controlled. Results of a VOC, acrylate, and aldehyde scan revealed that all chemical constituents were below OSHA and ACGIH limits. The mass of particulates emitted is of limited concern; however number count or surface area may be more important to measure from a toxicological perspective. Particulate concentrations were significantly lower when local exhaust ventilation was on (Mann-Whitney, U = 553 026, p = 0.00). NIOSH's hierarchy of controls is effective for university fabrication laboratories; however, special note should be taken to install local exhaust ventilation and ensure flexibility in workspaces, employing isolation when possible.