Esrra regulates Rplp1-mediated translation of lysosome proteins suppressed in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and reversed by alternate day fasting

Background: Currently, little is known about the mechanism(s) regulating global and specific protein translation during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Methods: We used puromycin-labelling, polysome profiling, ChIPseq and ChIP-qPCR, and gene manipulation in vitro and in dietary mouse models of NASH in this study. Results: Using unbiased label-free quantitative proteome, puromycin-labelling and polysome profiling, we observed a global decrease in protein translation during lipotoxicity in human primary hepatocytes, mouse hepatic AML12 cells, and livers from a dietary mouse model of NASH. Interestingly, proteomic analysis showed that Rplp1, which regulates ribosome and translation pathways, was one of the most downregulated proteins. Moreover, decreased Esrra expression and binding to the Rplp1 promoter, diminished Rplp1 gene expression during lipotoxicity. This, in turn, reduced global protein translation and Esrra/Rplp1-dependent translation of lysosome (Lamp2, Ctsd) and autophagy (sqstm1, Map1lc3b) proteins. Of note, Esrra did not increase its binding to these gene promoters or their gene transcription, confirming its regulation of their translation during lipotoxicity. Notably, hepatic Esrra-Rplp1-dependent translation of lysosomal and autophagy proteins also was impaired in NASH patients and liver-specific Esrra knockout mice. Remarkably, alternate day fasting induced Essra-Rplp1-dependent expression of lysosomal proteins, restored autophagy, and reduced lipotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis in hepatic cell culture and in vivo models of NASH. Conclusion: Esrra regulation of Rplp1-mediated translation of lysosome / autolysosome proteins was downregulated during NASH. Alternate day fasting activated this novel pathway and improved NASH, suggesting that Esrra and Rplp1 may serve as therapeutic targets for NASH. Our findings also provided the first example of a nuclear hormone receptor, Esrra, to not only regulate transcription but also protein translation, via induction of Rplp1. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.