Cognitive impairment and metabolite profile alterations in the hippocampus and cortex of male and female mice exposed to a fat and sugar-rich diet are normalized by diet reversal
biorxiv(2021)
摘要
Diabetes impacts on brain metabolism, structure and function. Alterations in brain metabolism have been observed in obesity and diabetes models induced by exposure to diets rich in saturated fat and/or sugar, and have been linked to memory impairment. However, it remains to be determined whether brain dysfunction induced by obesogenic diets results from permanent brain alterations. We tested the hypothesis that an obesogenic diet (high-fat and high-sucrose diet; HFHSD) causes reversible changes in hippocampus and cortex metabolism and alterations in behavior. To test this hypothesis, mice were exposed to HFHSD for 24 weeks or for 16 weeks followed by 8 weeks of diet normalization. Development of the metabolic syndrome, changes in behavior, and brain metabolite profiles by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were assessed longitudinally. Control mice were fed an ingredient-matched low-fat and low-sugar diet. Mice fed a HFHSD developed obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, with a more severe phenotype in male than female mice. Relative to controls, both male and female HFHSD-fed mice showed increased anxiety-like behavior, impaired memory in object recognition tasks, but preserved working spatial memory as evaluated by spontaneous alternation in a Y-maze. Alterations in the metabolite profiles were observed both in the hippocampus and cortex, but were more distinct in the former. HFHSD-induced metabolic changes included altered levels of lactate, glutamate, GABA, glutathione, taurine, N -acetylaspartate, creatine and choline. Notably, HFHSD-induced metabolic syndrome, anxiety, memory impairment, and brain metabolic alterations recovered upon diet normalization for 8 weeks. We conclude that cortical and hippocampal derangements induced by long-term HFHSD consumption are reversible rather than being the result of permanent tissue damage.
### Competing Interest Statement
The authors have declared no competing interest.
* CD
: control diet
GPC
: glycerophosphorylcholine
GTT
: glucose tolerance test
HFD
: high-fat diet
HFHSD
: high-fat and high-sucrose diet
LSD
: least significant difference
MCI
: mild cognitive impairment
MRS
: magnetic resonance spectroscopy
NAAG
: N -acetylaspartatylglutamate
NLR
: novel location recognition
NOR
: novel object recognition
PET
: positron emission tomography
PCA
: principal component analysis
PCho
: phosphorylcholine
PE
: phosphorylethanolamine
RD
: reversed diet
T2D
: type 2 diabetes
VOI
: volume of interest.
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关键词
brain metabolism, memory, anxiety, obesity, diabetes, sucrose, high-fat
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