A rapid and efficient learning rule for biological neural circuits

The dominant view in neuroscience is that changes in synaptic weights underlie learning. It is unclear, however, how the brain is able to determine which synapses should change, and by how much. This uncertainty stands in sharp contrast to deep learning, where changes in weights are explicitly engineered to optimize performance. However, the main tool for doing that, backpropagation, is not biologically plausible, and networks trained with this rule tend to forget old tasks when learning new ones. Here we introduce the Dendritic Gated Network (DGN), a variant of the Gated Linear Network [[1][1], [2][2]], which offers a biologically plausible alternative to backpropagation. DGNs combine dendritic “gating” (whereby interneurons target dendrites to shape neuronal response) with local learning rules to yield provably efficient performance. They are significantly more data efficient than conventional artificial networks and are highly resistant to forgetting, and we show that they perform well on a variety of tasks, in some cases better than backpropagation. The DGN bears similarities to the cerebellum, where there is evidence for shaping of Purkinje cell responses by interneurons. It also makes several experimental predictions, one of which we validate with in vivo cerebellar imaging of mice performing a motor task. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2