Capacity Building of Frontline Workers for Detection of Children (0–6 Years) with Developmental Delays in a Rural Setting: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

Introduction Development during the early stage of life i.e. in the first 1000 d is crucial in determining the psychosocial productivity of a child in the future. Frontline workers (FLWs) are not trained to detect of developmental delays (DDs) in children under the national programme of Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) in India. Objective To train the FLWs and assess the effectiveness of a training strategy in detection of DDs in children less than 6 y of age using a cluster-randomized trial approach. Methods A community-based interventional study was conducted in Khurdha district of Odisha. Training was imparted to FLWs in intervention arm using a training module developed in regional language. Knowledge level of FLWs was assessed before and after the training in both study arms using a structured questionnaire, and data were analyzed in IBM SPSS 22. Outcomes were compared using chi square, Student t (both paired and unpaired) and Man–Whitney U test. After 3 mo of intervention, the investigator examined a sample of children (intervention arm: 870, control arm: 847) for DDs using the Denver Developmental Screening Test II. Results The mean difference in knowledge scores of FLWs was found to be 7.26 (8.8 to 5.7) and 1.11 (1.38 to 0.84) in intervention and control arm, respectively. Case detection rate by FLWs in intervention and control arm was 61.5% and 9.09%, respectively. Conclusion Capacity building of the FLWs should be considered by the government for integrating them in the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) programme for screening children.