Effects of regular exercise on intraocular pressure

Background Exercise may potentially provide an adjunctive measure to help control intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients. However, currently, there is still no substantial evidence that regular exercise can produce a prolonged effect of intraocular pressure reduction. We aim to determine the effects of regular exercise on intraocular pressure in healthy individuals. Methods We conducted a prospective, interventional study at the University of Malaya Medical Centre. Our subjects consist of 45 healthy participants in the intervention arm, and 38 healthy control participants who were age- and gender-matched. The intervention arm was enrolled into a supervised exercise programme for a 6-week period, where controls were asked to continue their usual daily lifestyle. The intervention consists of three sessions every week, which focused on aerobic exercise and strength training. Results Baseline intraocular pressure was measured, and then remeasured again at the end of 6 weeks of exercise conditioning. In the intervention group, there was a reduction of baseline intraocular pressure from pre-intervention mean intraocular pressure of 15.55 +/- 2.63 mmHg, down to 13.36 +/- 3.16 mmHg at 6 weeks, a statistically significant reduction of -2.18 +/- 2.25 mmHg (p < 0.001) post-intervention. On the other hand, the control group recorded a non-statistically significant mean increase of 0.63 +/- 2.47 mmHg (p = 0.123) at 6 weeks. Conclusions Our study concluded that regular exercise results in a significant intraocular pressure reduction in healthy individuals.