Intruders cooperatively interact with a wall into granular matter

When a cylindrical object penetrates granular matter near a vertical boundary, it experiences two effects: its center of mass moves horizontally away from the wall, and it rotates around its symmetry axis. Here we show experimentally that, if two identical intruders instead of one are released side-by-side near the wall, both effects are also detected. However, unexpected phenomena appear due to a cooperative dynamics between the intruders. The net horizontal distance traveled by the common center of mass of the twin intruders is much larger than that traveled by one intruder released at the same initial distance from the wall, and the rotation is also larger. The experimental results are well described by the Discrete Element Method (DEM), which reveals that, as the number of intruders horizontally released side-by-side increases, the total energy dissipation per intruder decreases. Finally, DEM simulations demonstrate that the horizontal repulsion is substantially enhanced if groups of intruders are released forming a column near the wall. Graphical abstract