Three-dimensional turbulence generated homogeneously by magnetic particles

Three-dimensional turbulence is usually studied experimentally by using a spatially localized forcing at large scales (e.g., via rotating blades or oscillating grids), often in a deterministic way. Here, we report an original technique where the fluid is forced in volume, randomly in space and time, using small magnetic particles remotely driven. Such a forcing generates almost no mean flow and is closer to those of direct numerical simulations of isotropic homogeneous turbulence. We compute the energy spectra and structure functions using local and spatiotemporal flow velocity measurements. The energy dissipation rate is also evaluated consistently in five different ways. Our experimental results confirm the stationary, homogeneous, and isotropic features of such turbulence, and, in particular, the Tennekes' model for which the Tennekes' constant is experimentally estimated.