Learning Outcomes Attributed to Prelicensure Clinical Education in Nursing: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research.

BACKGROUND:Educators agree that clinical experiences are vital to the development of a graduate nurse; however, there is little research on student learning outcomes related to these experiences. PURPOSE:The purpose of this systematic review was to examine qualitative studies of student learning in traditional clinical models. METHODS:A systematic review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Nine electronic databases were searched using 43 search terms. Full-text review was completed on 109 articles, with 26 undergoing critical appraisal. RESULTS:Only 6 qualitative studies reported learning outcomes attributed to clinical education models, focusing on experiences in foreign clinical placements, nurse-run clinics, the night shift, transition to professional identity, practicing as a clinical dyad, and development of caring skills. CONCLUSIONS:The results of the systematic review of qualitative research that studied outcomes of prelicensure clinical education were insufficient to provide recommendations for traditional clinical education that are supported by evidence.