Glycemic Control Is Associated With Dyslipidemia Over Time In Youth With Type 2 Diabetes: The Search For Diabetes In Youth Study

Background Dyslipidemia has been documented in youth with type 2 diabetes. There is a paucity of studies examining dyslipidemia over time in youth with type 2 diabetes and associated risk factors. Objective To evaluate lipids at baseline and follow-up and associated risk factors in youth with type 2 diabetes. Methods We studied 212 youth with type 2 diabetes at baseline and after an average of 7 years of follow-up in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Abnormal lipids were defined as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 35, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > 100, or triglycerides >150 (all mg/dl). We evaluated participants for progression to abnormal lipids (normal lipids at baseline and abnormal at follow-up), regression (abnormal lipids at baseline and normal at follow-up), stable normal, and stable abnormal lipids over time for HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides. Associations between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and adiposity over time (area under the curve [AUC]) with progression and stable abnormal lipids were evaluated. Results HDL-C progressed, regressed, was stable normal, and stable abnormal in 12.3%, 11.3%, 62.3%, and 14.2% of participants, respectively. Corresponding LDL-C percentages were 15.6%, 12.7%, 42.9%, and 28.8% and triglycerides were 17.5%, 10.8%, 55.7%, and 16.0%. Each 1% increase in HbA1c AUC was associated with a 13% higher risk of progression and stable abnormal triglycerides and a 20% higher risk of progression and stable abnormal LDL-C. Higher adiposity AUC was marginally (p = 0.049) associated with abnormal HDL-C. Conclusions Progression and stable abnormal LDL-C and triglycerides occur in youth with type 2 diabetes and are associated with higher HbA1c.