The Identification of Tautoneura mori as the Vector of Mulberry Crinkle Leaf Virus and the Infectivity of Infectious Clones in Mulberry

Mulberry crinkle leaf virus (MCLV) is a novel geminivirus identified from mulberry. The pathogenicity and natural vector transmission of MCLV remain unknown. Here, infectious clones consisting of the complete tandem dimeric genome of MCLV in a binary vector were constructed and agroinoculated into young mulberry plants. The results showed that the infectious clones of MCLV were systemically infectious in mulberry, but the infected mulberry plants did not show any virus infection-like symptoms. The natural transmission vectors of MCLV were also identified from possible vector insects occurring on the MCLV-infected mulberry plants. The vector ability of Tautoneura mori was identified through an inoculation assay. Three of 21 (14.3%) plants inoculated with T. mori collected from MCLV-infected mulberry plants grown naturally were found to be MCLV-positive 50 days postinoculation. These MCLV-positive mulberry plants did not show any virus infectionlike symptoms. Collectively, these results suggest that MCLV is infectious to mulberry plants but, by itself, does not induce infection symptoms. The leafhopper T. mori was experimentally determined to be a transmission vector ofMCLV for the first time.