Monitoring Sars-Cov-2 As A Microbiological Risk In Shellfish Aquaculture

[ ]recently, CoVs were not assumed to be highly pathogenic in humans (Zaki et al , 2012), but this perception changed after the recent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV), and the current severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks [ ]viable viruses were detected in feces, implicating these as a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by fecal contamination (Wang et al , 2020) SARS-CoV-2 was also recovered from nasal washes, saliva, urine, and feces of infected animals (ferrets) up to 8 days post-infection (Kim et al , 2020) [ ]while still poorly understood, the GI symptoms reported from the start of COVID-19 epidemic at least suggest that fecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 may occur (Yeo et al , 2020) Respiratory droplets are the main human-to-human mechanism of transmission, but fecal shedding with environmental contamination is increasingly seen as having an important role in viral spread (Bhowmick et al , 2020;Dona et al , 2020) [ ]the viability of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater has not been proven (Senatore et al , 2021), and further studies are needed to investigate its fate in wastewater (Collivignarelli et al , 2020) and in natural water bodies receiving treated or untreated wastewater (Kumar et al , 2021)