Challenges and resources in adult life with Joubert syndrome: issues from an international classification of functioning (ICF) perspective

Background Joubert Syndrome (JS) is a rare inherited neurodevelopmental disorder defined by a characteristic cerebellar and brainstem malformation (i.e. the molar tooth sign) and variable organ involvement. The aim of the present study was to describe functional limitations and disabilities in a large sample of adult patients with a diagnosis of JS. Methods We administered the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) checklist to thirty-six adult Italian patients with JS or their caregivers through telephone calls. Results None-to-mild impairment was documented for basic cognitive and mental functions, whereas severe deficit emerged for higher-order skills and language. A mismatch between individuals' capacity for daily activity and social participation and the actual performance in these fields emerged, suggesting that adults with JS may greatly benefit from external support from the caring environment. Indeed, specific facilitators were highlighted, including communication technologies as well as family members, healthcare professionals and peers support. Mild-to-severe barriers have been identified by adult patients with JS in the domains of services, systems and policies. Conclusions These findings highlight challenges and barriers for adults with JS in areas of daily functioning that may be improved by investing in rehabilitation care models that embed social support programs and policies into clinical interventions.