Cerebrospinal Fluid Lactate Levels, Brain Lactate Metabolism and Neurologic Outcome in Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background/Objective Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum lactate levels were assessed to predict poor neurologic outcome 3 months after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We compared arterio-CSF differences in the lactate (ACDL) levels between two neurologic outcome groups. Methods This retrospective observational study involved out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors who had undergone target temperature management. CSF and serum samples were obtained immediately (lactate 0 ), and at 24 (lactate 24 ), 48 (lactate 48 ), and 72 (lactate 72 ) h after ROSC, and ACDL was calculated at each time point. The primary outcome was poor 3-month neurologic outcome (cerebral performance categories 3–5). Results Of 45 patients, 27 (60.0%) showed poor neurologic outcome. At each time point, CSF lactate levels were significantly higher in the poor neurologic outcome group than in the good neurologic outcome group (6.97 vs. 3.37, 4.20 vs. 2.10, 3.50 vs. 2.00, and 2.79 vs. 2.06, respectively; all P < 0.05). CSF lactate’s prognostic performance was higher than serum lactate at each time point, and lactate 24 showed the highest AUC values (0.89, 95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.97). Over time, ACDL decreased from − 1.30 (− 2.70–0.77) to − 1.70 (− 3.2 to − 0.57) in the poor neurologic outcome group and increased from − 1.22 (− 2.42–0.32) to − 0.64 (− 2.31–0.15) in the good neurologic outcome group. Conclusions At each time point, CSF lactate showed better prognostic performance than serum lactate. CSF lactate 24 showed the highest prognostic performance for 3-month poor neurologic outcome. Over time, ACDL decreased in the poor neurologic outcome group and increased in the good neurologic outcome group.