How junior developers deal with their technical debt?

ABSTRACTTechnical debt is a metaphor that measures the additional effort needed to continue to add more features in a software due to its inherent decrease in code quality. Most software systems suffer from technical debt at some point so that dedicated tools and metrics have been developed to monitor such debt. Alongside tools, appropriate engineering practices must be put in place by the development team to keep that debt at an acceptable level. In this empirical study, we observed and surveyed Scrum development teams composed of experienced students in order to understand their quality-related processes on a year-long academic project. We found that (1) students do use static analysis tools of many forms, but their actual usage is limited due to time pressure; (2) retrospective and non-constraining feedback on code quality has little to no effect, even when given regularly during the course of the project; and (3) junior developers value composite quality indicators (e.g., maintainability, reliability in SonarQube), even if they do not fully understand their meaning. From our findings, we propose a series of recommendations, both technical and methodological, on how to train junior developers to understand and manage technical debt.