W-band Millimeter-Wave Signal Generation Based on Frequency Quadrupling and Nonlinearities Tolerant Modulation

In this article, we present a W-band (3, 1) millimeter-wave vector signal generation based on frequency-quadrupled modulation and nonlinearities tolerant modulation by one Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). Despite the phase changes, the constellation and sequence of the received (3, 1) signal is consistent with the original regular signal after the detection of the photo-detector (PD). The obtained (3, 1) constellation has better performance compared to pre-coded quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) constellation at the receiver end, and effectively reduces system complexity and cost. The frequency-quadrupled scheme is experimentally completed with different date rates at 2 and 4-Gbaud. The bit-error-ratios (BERs) results show that the BER performance of (3, 1) signal is superior to the pre-coded QPSK, and it is below the 7% hard-decision forward-error-correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10 ^-3 over 5 and 10 km single-mode-fiber (SMF) transmission, which demonstrates that the generation of (3, 1) vector mm-wave signal based on proposed frequency-quadrupled scheme and nonlinearities tolerant modulation can be used in our system.