Study of impedance and magnetoelectric property of lead-free xLCNZFO+(1-x)BGTDO multiferroic composites

Multiferroic xLCNZFO+(1-x)BGTDO composites are prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The phase identification of ferrite and perovskite structure is executed by the XRD analysis. The initial permeability enhances with an increment in ferrite content because of high magnetic LNCZFO and a reduction of oxygen vacancies. The dispersive dielectric nature is observed in the low-frequency region due to Maxwell-Wagner interfacial polarization. The sample of x = 0.60 is comprised of the maximum dielectric constant of about 1.02 × 104 at 1 kHz. The ac conductivity results from a small polaron hopping mechanism. The complex impedance spectra of some samples exhibit a single semi-circular arc due to the dominance of grain boundary resistance, whereas other samples show double arcs representing the dominance of grain and grain boundary effect on the conduction mechanism. There is a strong coupling between the two ferroic orders and the optimum magnetoelectric coupling voltage of 172 × 103 Vm−1T−1 is obtained for the x = 0.10 sample.