Bfrs (Pbdes And Hbcds) In Freshwater Species From Lake Trasimeno (Italy): The Singular Case Of Hbcds In Red Swamp Crayfish

Eighty-six samples belonging to five different species (crucian carp, Carassius carassius; European perch, Perca fluviatilis; tench, Tinca tinca; eel, Anguilla anguilla; red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii) collected from Lake Trasimeno (Italy) were analyzed to assess polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) contamination. The Trasimeno is the largest Italian peninsular lake located inUmbria (Central Italy), in a rural area with lowanthropogenic impact. All the sampleswere analyzed by an inhouse developed analytical procedure involving a single sample preparation with dual detection: Gas- and Liquid-Chromatography coupled to tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS for PBDEs and LC-MS/MS for HBCDs). BFRs levels in crucian carp, tench and European perch were negligible and mostly below quantification limits (LOQs). In eel, the species with the higher fat content, PBDE sum (15 congeners) ranged from 0.269 to 0.916 ng/g w.w. BDE-47, -100 and -154 accounted for roughly 57%, 16% and 11% of the PBDE sum, respectively, while BDE-99 (usually one of the most abundant congeners in biota), only for 3%. HBCDs (sum of alpha-, beta-,gamma-isomers) were found between 0.157 and 1.14 ng/g w.w. with alpha- as predominant isomer (92% of the sum), followed by gamma- (5%) and beta- (2%). Peculiar was the contamination in red swamp crayfish characterized by negligible PBDEs and very high HBCDs levelswith a singular contamination pattern. In female pools (n= 9) themean HBCDs sumwas 0.150 ng/g w.w., while inmales higher concentrationsweremeasured (mean= 2.77 ng/gw.w.). Asignificant correlation seems to exist between the contamination level and the seasonal cycle only inmale crayfish. Interestingly, among the HBCDs, the.-isomer was the highest (67% of the total) while alpha- contributes only for 20%. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.