Clinical features and outcomes of invasive pneumococcal disease in pediatric intensive care unit

Objective\r\nTo investigate the clinical features of invasive pneumococcal disease(IPD) in pediatric intensive care unit(PICU) and to analyze outcomes, so as to provide evidence for early and reasonable diagnosis and treatment as well as to improvement of prognosis.\r\n\r\n\r\nMethods\r\nA retrospective study was conducted at a research center for IPD in PICU in Beijing Children\u0027s Hospital from January 2013 to April 2016.Clinical data of children with IPD were collected and analyzed.All specimens were for bacteria culture, isolation, strain identification and drug sensitivity test. At the same time, the quellung test was used to identify serotypes of the streptococcus pneumoniae.\r\n\r\n\r\nResults\r\nA total of 30 children meeting inclusion criteria were included, 19 male and 11 female.The median age was 1.5 years (range 3 months to 7.5 years). The Pediatric Critical Illness Scores (PCIS) were 72 (64, 82) scores.There were 13 cases whose Glasgow Coma Scores (GCS) were below 15 scores.The 28-day mortality rate was 36.7% (11/30 cases). Among death cases, there were 7 cases of purulent meningitis, 3 cases of septicemia and 1 case of purulent pleurisy.The onset age, peripheral blood leucocytes count, PCIS and GCS of death group were significantly lower than those of survival group (all P\u003c0.05). The mortality rate of children complicated with septic shock was significantly higher than that of children without septic shock [75.0%(6/8 cases) vs 22.7%(5/22 cases), P\u003c0.05]. The most common serotypes were 19F and 19A.The coverage rate of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 was 96.7%.The percentage of penicillin nonsusceptible streptococcus pneumoniae was 73.3%, and the percentage of penicillin resistant streptococcus pneumoniae was 53.3%, and multi-drug resistant was 90%.\r\n\r\n\r\nConclusions\r\nThe mortality rate of IPD in PICU is high, and the main serotypes were 19F and 19A. Most patients of death group were less than 2 years old.Peripheral blood white blood cell count, PCIS and GCS were significantly reduced, and more complicated with septic shock.Vaccination of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 for children less than 2 years old may reduce the incidence of IPD.\r\n\r\n\r\nKey words: \r\nPediatric intensive care unit; Invasive pneumococcal disease; Clinical feature; Outcome