Two-year changes of biochemical profiles and bone mineral density after percutaneous ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for primary hyperparathyroidism

Purpose To investigate the changes of the serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium level, as well as bone mineral density (BMD), after percutaneous ultrasound-guided microwave ablation (MWA) for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) caused by single hyperfunctional nodule. Methods The study enrolled 20 patients with a total of 20 nodules of MWA treatment to pHPT in one session. The normalization rate of the serum PTH and calcium was evaluated at every 6 months during 2-year follow-up after MWA. The bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine and femoral neck were also compared before and after the procedure. Results The normalization rate of both PTH and serum calcium at 6-, 12-, 24-month follow-up was 66.6%, 80.0%, and 62.5%, respectively. Though the normalization rate of serum calcium level at 6-, 12-, and 24-month visit after MWA was 100%. The BMD increased 12, 24 months after MWA at lumbar spine (1.022 ± 0.155, 1.057 ± 0.151 vs 0.965 ± 0.145 g/cm 2 , p < 0.01) and femoral neck at 2-year assessment (0.819 ± 0.094 vs 0.771 ± 0.102 g/cm 2 , p = 0.015). Seven nodules disappeared in 20 nodules (35.0%), average ablation time was 122.29 ± 107.54 s (34–460 s). Six patients encountered voice change during the procedure, one participant was confirmed recurrent laryngeal injuries but recovered within 2 months. Conclusions Percutaneous ultrasound-guided microwave ablation results in improvement of biochemical profiles and bone mineral density in subjects with single hyperfunctional parathyroid nodule. However, the long-term efficacy of the MWA remains to be verified.