Urinary fluorescent metabolite O -aminohippuric acid is a useful biomarker for lung cancer detection

Introduction Urine contains diagnostically important metabolites that can act as natural fluorophores. However, whether these fluorescent metabolites can be used in lung cancer diagnosis is unknown. Objectives This study was conducted to determine whether fluorescent urinary metabolites could be useful biomarkers for lung cancer detection. Methods A total of 46 lung cancer patients and 185 volunteers without cancer were evaluated between November 2013 and November 2014. Samples of the first urine of the day were collected from lung cancer patients and diagnosed at the Hamamatsu University School of Medicine and the Hamamatsu Medical Center prior to cancer treatment, and from volunteers without cancer at the Hamamatsu Medical Imaging Center. Fluorescent urinary metabolites were screened by high-performance liquid chromatography and select effective fluorescent substances for distinguishing cancer from non-cancer status. Results The fraction of patients at each stage of cancer severity were: 41.3% stage I, 8.7% stage II, 19.6% stage III, and 30.4% stage IV. A robust predictive biomarker for lung cancer was selected by the multivariate logistic analysis of fluorescent metabolites and identified to be O -aminohippuric acid (OAH). The area under the curve (AUC) data for OAH was 0.837 (95% CI 0.769–0.898, P < 0.001). Conclusion We identified a fluorescent urinary metabolite that can predict lung cancer. OAH exceeds the AUC (0.817) of lung cancer detection by AminoIndex® cancer screening, can be analyzed non-invasively without additional sample processing, and may be a valuable addition to existing lung cancer prediction models.