Exosome-Mediated Crosstalk Between Keratinocytes And Macrophages In Cutaneous Wound Healing

Bidirectional cell-cell communication involving exosome-borne cargo such as miRNA has emerged as a critical mechanism for wound healing. Unlike other shedding vesicles, exosomes selectively package miRNA by SUMOylation of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteinA2B1 (hnRNPA2B1). In this work, we elucidate the significance of exosome in keratinocyte-macrophage crosstalk following injury. Keratinocyte-derived exosomes were genetically labeled with GFP-reporter (Exo(kappa-GFP)) using tissue nanotransfection (TNT), and they were isolated from dorsal murine skin and wound-edge tissue by affinity selection using magnetic beads. Surface N-glycans of Exo(kappa-GFP) were also characterized. Unlike skin exosome, wound-edge Exo(kappa-GFP) demonstrated characteristic N-glycan ions with abundance of low-base-pair RNA and was selectively engulfed by wound macrophages (omega m phi) in granulation tissue. In vitro addition of wound-edge Exo(kappa-GFP) to proinflammatory omega m phi resulted in conversion to a proresolution phenotype. To selectively inhibit miRNA packaging within Exo?-GFP in vivo, pH-responsive keratinocyte-targeted siRNA-hnRNPA2B1 functionalized lipid nanoparticles (TLNP kappa) were designed with 94.3% encapsulation efficiency. Application of TLNP kappa/si-hnRNPA2B1 to the murine dorsal wound-edge significantly inhibited expression of hnRNPA2B1 by 80% in epidermis compared to the TLNP kappa/si-control group. Although no significant difference in wound closure or re-epithelialization was observed, the TLNP kappa/si-hnRNPA2B1 treated group showed a significant increase in omega m phi displaying proinflammatory markers in the granulation tissue at day 10 post-wounding compared to the TLNP kappa/si-control group. Furthermore, TLNP kappa/si-hnRNPA2B1 treated mice showed impaired barrier function with diminished expression of epithelial junctional proteins, lending credence to the notion that unresolved inflammation results in leaky skin. This work provides insight wherein Exo(kappa-GFP) is recognized as a major contributor that regulates macrophage trafficking and epithelial barrier properties postinjury.