User-Centered Risk Communication for Safer Browsing.

Solutions to phishing have included training users, stand-alone warnings, and automatic blocking. We integrated personalized blocking, filtering, and alerts into a single holistic risk-management tool, which leverages simple metaphorical cartoons that function both as risk communication and controls for browser settings. We tested the tool in two experiments. The first experiment was a four-week naturalistic study where we examined the acceptability and usability of the tool. The experimental group was exposed to fewer risks in that they chose to run fewer scripts, disabled most iFrames, blocked Flash, decreased tracking, and quickly identified each newly encountered website as unfamiliar. Each week participants increased their tool use. Conversely, those in the control group expressed perceptions of lower risk, while enabling more potentially malicious processes. We then tested phishing resilience in the laboratory with newly recruited participants. The results showed that the tool significantly improved participants’ ability to distinguish between legitimate and phishing sites.