Performance Analysis of Full-Duplex Massive MIMO Systems With Low-Resolution ADCs/DACs Over Rician Fading Channels

This paper analyzes the performance of multi-user full-duplex (FD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with low resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) under Rician fading channels. The maximum ratio combining and maximum ratio transmission are used at the base station (BS) for the uplink and downlink, respectively. By leveraging on the additive quantization noise model, tight closed-form approximations of the uplink and downlink achievable rates are obtained for both perfect and imperfect channel state information cases. The results show the impact of the Rician K-factor, ADC/DAC resolution, loop interference, and inter-user interference of the systems. In addition, we adopt the power scaling law to show that to achieve a fixed level of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, the transmit power of each user and the BS can be scaled down proportionally to the inverse of the BS antenna number. Moreover, we compare the performance of the FD mode and the half-duplex mode, and study the trade-off between the achievable rate and BS energy efficiency. Numerical results show that the use of low-resolution ADCs/DACs can significantly improve the BS energy efficiency with only small reduction in the achievable rate of the FD system.