Performance Analysis of Distributed and Scalable Deep Learning

With renewed global interest for Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, the past decade has seen a myriad of new programming models and tools that enable better and faster Machine Learning (ML). More recently, a subset of ML known as Deep Learning (DL) raised an increased interest due to its inherent ability to tackle efficiently novel cognitive computing applications. DL allows computational models that are composed of multiple processing layers to learn in an automated way representations of data with multiple levels of abstraction, and can deliver higher predictive accuracy when trained on larger data sets. Based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), DL is now at the core of state of the art voice recognition systems (which enable easy control over e.g. Internet-of- Things (IoT) smart home appliances for instance), self-driving car engine, online recommendation systems. The ecosystem of DL frameworks is fast evolving, as well as the DL architectures that are shown to perform well on specialized tasks and to exploit GPU accelerators. For this reason, the frequent performance evaluation of the DL ecosystem is required, especially since the advent of novel distributed training frameworks such as Horovod allowing for scalable training across multiple computing resources.In this paper, the scalability evaluation of the reference DL frameworks (Tensorflow, Keras, MXNet, and PyTorch) is performed over up-to-date High Performance Computing (HPC) resources to compare the efficiency of different implementations across several hardware architectures (CPU and GPU). Experimental results demonstrate that the DistributedDataParallel features in the Pytorch library seem to be the most efficient framework for distributing the training process across many devices, allowing to reach a throughput speedup of 10.11 when using 12 NVidia Tesla V100 GPUs when training Resnet44 on the CIFAR10 dataset.