Number : WUCSE-2008-9 2008-0101 A Holistic Approach to Decentralized Structural Damage Localization Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become an increasingly compelling platform for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications, since they can be installed relatively inexpensively onto existing infrastructure. Existing approaches to SHM in WSNs typically address computing system issues or structural engineering techniques, but not both in conjunction. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach to SHM that integrates a decentralized computing architecture with the Damage Localization Assurance Criterion algorithm. In contrast to centralized approaches that require transporting large amounts of sensor data to a base station, our system pushes the execution of portions of the damage localization algorithm onto the sensor nodes, reducing communication costs by two orders of magnitude in exchange for moderate additional processing on each sensor. We present a prototype implementation of this system built using the TinyOS operating system running on the Intel Imote2 sensor network platform. Experiments conducted using two different physical structures demonstrate our system's ability to accurately localize structural damage. We also demonstrate that our decentralized approach reduces latency by 65.5% and energy consumption by 70.4% compared to a typical centralized solution, achieving a projected lifetime of 193 days using three standard AAA batteries. Our work demonstrates the advantages of a holistic approach to cyber-physical systems that closely integrates the design Type of Report: Other Department of Computer Science & Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1045 St. Louis, MO 63130 ph: (314) 935-6160 A Holistic Approach to Decentralized Structural Damage Localization Using Wireless Sensor Networks Gregory Hackmann∗, Fei Sun∗, Nestor Castaneda†, Chenyang Lu∗, Shirley Dyke† ∗Department of Computer Science and Engineering †Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Structural Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Abstract—Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become an increasingly compelling platform for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications, since they can be installed relatively inexpensively onto existing infrastructure. Existing approaches to SHM in WSNs typically address computing system issues or structural engineering techniques, but not both in conjunction. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach to SHM that integrates a decentralized computing architecture with the Damage Localization Assurance Criterion algorithm. In contrast to centralized approaches that require transporting large amounts of sensor data to a base station, our system pushes the execution of portions of the damage localization algorithm onto the sensor nodes, reducing communication costs by two orders of magnitude in exchange for moderate additional processing on each sensor. We present a prototype implementation of this system built using the TinyOS operating system running on the Intel Imote2 sensor network platform. Experiments conducted using two different physical structures demonstrate our system’s ability to accurately localize structural damage. We also demonstrate that our decentralized approach reduces latency by 65.5% and energy consumption by 70.4% compared to a typical centralized solution, achieving a projected lifetime of 193 days using three standard AAA batteries. Our work demonstrates the advantages of a holistic approach to cyber-physical systems that closely integrates the design of computing systems and physical engineering techniques.Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become an increasingly compelling platform for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) applications, since they can be installed relatively inexpensively onto existing infrastructure. Existing approaches to SHM in WSNs typically address computing system issues or structural engineering techniques, but not both in conjunction. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach to SHM that integrates a decentralized computing architecture with the Damage Localization Assurance Criterion algorithm. In contrast to centralized approaches that require transporting large amounts of sensor data to a base station, our system pushes the execution of portions of the damage localization algorithm onto the sensor nodes, reducing communication costs by two orders of magnitude in exchange for moderate additional processing on each sensor. We present a prototype implementation of this system built using the TinyOS operating system running on the Intel Imote2 sensor network platform. Experiments conducted using two different physical structures demonstrate our system’s ability to accurately localize structural damage. We also demonstrate that our decentralized approach reduces latency by 65.5% and energy consumption by 70.4% compared to a typical centralized solution, achieving a projected lifetime of 193 days using three standard AAA batteries. Our work demonstrates the advantages of a holistic approach to cyber-physical systems that closely integrates the design of computing systems and physical engineering techniques.