Phenotypic characterisation of hypoxia-induced mda-mb-231 breast cancer cell line

Kidney expresses beta (β)receptors for physiological regulation of renin secretion, blood pressure and blood volume. Some studies had shown that over stimulation of beta receptor may trigger oxidative stress and inflammation in kidney tissue. However, it is unclear how repeated over-stimulation of β receptors would affect kidney structure and function. Thus, this study assessed the effect of repeated βadrenergic stimulation using isoprenaline (ISO) on rat kidneys. Male Wistar rats (n=24) were randomly allotted and given 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg of ISO or normal saline as the vehicle (control) subcutaneously for 14 days. Rat’s blood pressure was recorded weekly using non-invasive tail-cuff blood pressure method. The body weight gain was monitored daily throughout the experiment. The rats were sacrificed and the renal and serum were collected for further analysis. The results showed that the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean atrial pressure (MAP) in treated groups were significantly higher than the control group at the end of the experiment (p<0.05). Heart rate in treated groups were significantly decreased compared to control group (p<0.05). As for the renal profile, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) using Diacetyl Monoxime method showed no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). Whereas, serum creatinine by Jaffe’s method also showed no significant difference between groups, however there was an increment trend between control vs. ISO 10mg/kg group (p=0.06). For the morphology studies using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining, vacuolation was observed more in rats treated with ISO 10 mg/kg group, however there were no signs of mesangial expansion, infiltration of leukocytes and tubular damage observed. In conclusion, these findings showed that repeated of low dose ISO leads to early stage of renal injury however longer time of stimulation might be needed to cause any overt structural and functional changes.