Lens Incidence , Progression , and Risk Factors for Cataract in Type 2 Diabetes

RESULTS. The incidences of nuclear opalescence (NO), nuclear color (NC), cortical cataract (CC), and posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) were 70%, 55.2%, 25.7%, and 7.3%, respectively. One-step progressions of NO, NC, CC, and PSC were 14.3%, 16.1%, 8.8%, and 8.1%, respectively, and two-step or more progressions were 5.0%, 6.0%, 0.8%, and 6.0%, respectively. Incident NO was seen in patients 50 to 59 (odds ratio [OR] 1⁄4 3.3), NC in those 50 to 59 (OR 1⁄4 2.7) and 60 to 69 (OR 1⁄4 3.9), and CC in those 60 to 69 (OR 1⁄4 3.3) years old. A lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; OR 1⁄4 0.7), longer diabetes duration (OR 1⁄4 1.1), and hyperopia (OR 1⁄4 4.0) were associated with incident PSC. Women (OR 1⁄4 1.7) and patients with higher total cholesterol (OR 1⁄4 1.3) at baseline showed one-step NO progression. Patients 60 to 69 (OR 1⁄4 2.8) and ‡70 (OR 1⁄4 3.8) years old showed one-step NC progression, while those 60 to 69 years old showed one-step CC progression (OR 1⁄4 6.3). A lower HbA1c (OR 1⁄4 0.3) was associated with one-step PSC progression. A higher low-density lipoprotein (OR 1⁄4 1.6) was associated with two-step or more NO progression. Patients 60 to 69 years old (OR 1⁄4 6.7) had a greater risk, while those with hyperopia at baseline (OR 1⁄4 0.2) had lower risk of two-step or more NC progression. Patients 40 to 49 years old constituted the reference group for all.