Voxel-based assessments of treatment effects on longitudinal brain changes in the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial cohort.

The Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial was designed to assess the effect of omega-3 supplementation and multidomain intervention on cognitive decline of subjects with subjective memory complaint. In terms of cognitive testing, no significant effect was found. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of the interventions on the brain morphological changes. Subjects with magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions at baseline and at 36 months were included (N = 376). Morphological changes were characterized by volume measurements and nonlinear deformation. The multidomain intervention was associated with a significant effect on the 3-year brain morphological changes in the deformation-based approach. Differences were mainly located in the left periventricular area next to the temporoparietal junction. These changes were associated with better cognitive performance and mood/behavior stabilization. No effect of the omega-3 supplementation was observed. This result suggests a possible effect on cognition, not yet observable after 3 years. We argue that neuroimaging could help define whether early intervention strategies are effective to delay cognitive decline and dementia.